Choose
Australia's Future: Clean Or Coal, Independent Or Dependent.
The
test in this election is whether Australia crafts an independent
energy policy or one driven by the coal industry. That will determine
whether we are leaders or laggards in the global clean energy revolution
to tackle climate change and energy poverty.
Global
warming is a creeping disaster. Leading British climate expert Sir
John Houghton likens it to a weapon of mass destruction: "It
can strike anywhere, in any form - a heatwave in one place, a drought
or flood or a storm surge in another". Even small changes in
temperature cause large changes in weather - for example a 1°C
increase in average temperature means that extreme temperature events
which hitherto occurred once every 300 years will occur once every
ten years. Even more alarming is the small but finite possibility
of sudden catastrophic change in the world's climate and biological
systems leading to temperature increases of 10 - 12°C, perturbation
of ocean currents, and massive loss of biodiversity and rapid melting
of polar ice sheets.
As we in the
west consume more energy than ever before, one-third of the world's
population (two billion people) lacks adequate energy services and
the development opportunities they bring. Energy consumption (and
greenhouse gas emissions) is accelerating in industrialising countries
like China and India but remains per capita at a fraction of ours.
Compounding these problems is the imminent end of the oil age, which
we face within the next few years as production peaks and starts
to decline, bringing in its wake rising prices and increasing global
tension. These are unsustainable inequities, heightening the potential
for war. Renewable energy is practical peace.
Globally, the
Greens are leading the push for a rapid shift to renewable energy
sources that avoid harm to human health and the environment. In
Australia, that means exploiting our bountiful wind, sun, hydro,
wave, geothermal and biomass resources to create a diverse clean
energy economy, and phasing out coal, our single biggest polluter,
which generates 84 per cent of our electricity and 35 per cent of
our greenhouse gas emissions.
Australian environment
groups and sustainable energy businesses have shown how, with existing
technology and assuming no technological breakthroughs at all, Australia
could halve greenhouse gas emissions from stationary energy by 2040.
A key part of the plan is to build no new coal-fired power stations
and to retire existing ones as they reach their use-by dates. The
Greens aim for a stronger effort, reducing Australia's emissions
by 80 per cent by 2050.
Political
will is the vital factor. Australia used to be a renewable energy
leader both in research and uptake but in the last 15 years, due
to lack of government support, we have slipped behind countries
like Germany, Japan and Spain. Today we are nowhere in the world
league. Strategic R&D funding for renewable energy has been
almost entirely abandoned. Programs to promote the uptake of energy
efficiency and renewable energy are piecemeal. The main market mechanism,
the Mandatory
Renewable Energy Target (MRET) requires electricity retailers
to source a small additional amount of energy from renewable generators
by 2010 (the amount is equivalent to about 1 per cent of expected
demand), but with no increase in the targets the renewables industry
will hit a brick wall from 2007.
The
underpinning premise of the Howard government's recent energy "black"
paper is that coal, oil and gas will meet the bulk of Australia's
energy needs for the foreseeable future. A central part of the plan
is the totally uncosted option of geosequestration (burying carbon
dioxide underground), which is at least ten to 15 years away and
cannot be applied to any existing coal-fired power station. A key
adviser to the government on energy policy is the Chief
Scientist, Dr Robin Batterham, who also works part-time as Chief
Technologist for coal and aluminium giant Rio Tinto.
Latham's Labor
will ratify the Kyoto Protocol and set higher targets for renewable
energy uptake but shows no signs of adopting a vigorous clean energy
policy and phasing out coal. State Labor governments continue to
promote new coal-fired power stations.
If we start
now, we don't have to take heroic measures to make a big difference.
The Greens would harness the enormous potential to achieve savings
of 30 per cent or more through energy efficiency. For example, the
best possible building design can almost eliminate the need for
heating and cooling; best possible lighting in commercial buildings
uses two to five watts per square meter rather than the 15 - 25
watts which is the current norm.
We would introduce
a carbon tax, commonplace in many European countries, and use the
proceeds to offset negative impacts on low income households, finance
the transition to sustainability, provide structural adjustment
assistance for workers, and reduce other taxes such as those on
payrolls.
We
would support the renewable energy market by lifting the MRET targets
to ten per cent by 2010 and 20 per cent by 2020, and reform the
National Electricity Market
to remove the bias favouring centralised coal-fired generation and
encourage distributed generation and demand-side management.
We would shift
the subsidies from fossil and nuclear sectors to energy efficiency
and renewable energy. The government's latest cuts in fuel tax alone
are worth $1500 million every year, including $140 million a year
to make diesel used in remote electricity generation tax free, cutting
the cost by one-third and slashing an important existing market
for renewable energy.
We would introduce
our Sun Fund Bill, first floated in 1997, which would give farmers
and others using diesel-generated power the option to swap their
diesel fuel rebate for an up-front grant to convert to renewable
energy.
"Renew
Australia" is our $35 billion ten-year plan to green Australia's
infrastructure, financed by Green Bonds, part of which would modernise
and upgrade the national rail system helping to shift freight from
road to rail, promote public transport, reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
air pollution and accidents. It would also reduce our vulnerability
to impending declines in oil availability.
Clean energy
is job creating, sustainable, economic, practical and peaceful.
It's also among the world's fastest growing industries, with wind
power growing at a phenomenal 29.7 per cent per annum, solar by
21.6 per cent per annum and $20 billion of new investment in renewable
energy in 2002-03. Australia should move from coal-dependent to
independent, with a clean energy future.
Bob Brown is Senator for Tasmania and
Leader of the Australian Greens.
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