The
Housing Industry Need To Change Direction Towards Sustainable Design
The
recent Solar House Day (11 Sept. 2005, organised by the ANZ Solar
Energy Society) has, once again aroused a lot of public interest.
As on previous occasions many comments were received which indicated
a need for the housing industry to take a good hard look at itself
and raise itself into the 21st century.
This
craft-based industry continues to hide its head in the sand; ignores
research on how to give better value for money to house buyers;
continues to believe it knows best what the customer wants; has
failed to demonstrate how to produce sustainable houses which will
benefit the environment and is very glib at stretching the truth
about its 'Green' buildings.
If
we built cars like we build houses we would still be riding around
in horse drawn sulkies. The car industry has successfully invested
billions into research to make cars better, but all the evidence
from houses on sale today shows an unwillingness to address the
reality of climate change and concern for a degrading environment.
Maximising short term profit appears to be the paramount driver.
Commonly
asked questions during Solar House Day were :
"Why
aren't builders putting up houses that are better designed for this
climate?",
"Why don't builders utilise free solar energy? and "Why
doesn't the industry ask us what we (the house buyers) want?"
Those in the solar energy /design industry have their own questions
:
Why
is it that many new houses are badly designed and oriented, having
frigid and unusable rooms in winter and unbearably hot rooms in
summer, when the science of how to avoid these problems has been
known for many decades?
Why
is it that many new houses have roofs which are so broken up with
hips and valleys that they can't even be retrofitted with photovoltaic
panels of any useful size?
Why
is it that solar water heaters are not even included on new roofs?
(Australia led the way with solar water heater research and development
in the 1950s, yet today only about 5% of Australian houses take
advantage of this very efficient sustainable device). To give due
credit there was ONE solar water heater which recently appeared
on a new house on the new housing development at Elmslea, near Bungendore
- let us hope it is the first of many.
The
housing industry has left a potentially devastating legacy to the
Australian community of such poor house design that we are now witnessing
a rush to install air conditioners (which will almost inevitably
cause many electricity blackouts in summer when the electricity
system becomes overloaded and the hot air output of the air conditioners
will elevate urban ambient temperatures even higher.)
It
is almost certain that when fossil fuelled house heating (including
electric heating), becomes expensive a high percentage of our population
will freeze in winter and the old and the infirm will be the first
group to suffer - possibly with an increase in reported deaths and
hypothermia admissions to hospitals. The indications are also clear
that the opposite will undoubtedly occur in summer during a run
of hot days.
Such
design inadequacies in the common knowledge of climate change borders
on collective and culpable incompetence in the housing industry.
The magnitude of its consequences on our discomforts and on the
environment would, in any other industry, call for a product recall
or a public enquiry. Why are such design inadequacies approved by
our planning authorities when our governments claim they are committed
to world class sustainable development?
To
some extent some of this is understandable in that we have all been
seduced by the conveniences that technology has produced in the
last century. We seem to be inherent seekers of novelty to the extent
that living simply has become a thing of the past.
Society has been led up the path of unsustainability and has ignored
the consequences of living beyond its means. It was almost inevitable
that questions would be raised about the limit of affordability
having been reached in the housing market.
A
major underlying problem has been that the housing industry, fragmented
as it is into so many separate trades and by its competitive nature,
believes that attracting sales by more impressive "mine is
bigger than yours" features are better (for the builder) than
achieving more comfort and sustainability (for the buyer and society).
The industry's sense of values has become so distorted as to believe
that wants are more important than needs.
The Housing Industries Association has tried various promotions
to interest its members in more effective design, but judging by
the continuing plethora of ill-considered brick boxes, the message
is not being put into action. If the message is understood then
the results are nothing short of culpable negligence and corrective
measures must be taken.
These
criticisms should not be borne by the housing industry alone. Architects
and house designers must carry some of the blame for past design
inadequacies. They have, or should have, the research findings for
better solar utilisation, but for some reason have not realised
or been able to convince their clients of the need. Emphasis, particularly
in the glossy architectural magazines, aided by the real estate
industry, has always been placed on the glamorous side of housing
at the expense of the good, practical and comfortable which are
not so sexy. This is one of the root problems that face society
today and climate change is bringing it out into the open.
The
common cry is that 'all this solar technology' costs money! Of course
it does, but so do ostentatious porticos and balustrades, excessively
big houses, spa baths, multiple bathrooms glitzy kitchens and full
area heating systems. Exchange these wants with needs and the integration
of natural energy systems and you have a win/win/win/win situation
for builder, buyer, society and the environment. In addition, advice
from a leading real estate firm has been to the effect that for
every dollar spent on domestic, sustainable technology, two dollars
can be added onto the asking price.
Another
common question is "How long does it take to recoup the cost?"
Why don't they ask how long it takes a swimming pool, or a new car
to pay for itself and indeed, how can you calculate it? Swimming
pools and cars start to depreciate and cost money in maintenance
the moment you buy them, but photovoltaics and solar hot water heaters
begin to save money from the first day of installation. It says
a lot for our sense of values that such a question is even asked.
It isn't the 'right' question in our current situation.
The now prominent global warming situation literally brings home
to us what has been described by others as "the greatest weapon
of mass destruction ever facing mankind."
There is now incontrovertible evidence that our love affair with
the domestic conveniences made possible by fossil fuels has now
to be paid for by remedial action. The emphasis is on the "now"
because if we delay, then the bill will have to be paid for by our
children and grandchildren. The issue has also become a moral one,
creating a dilemma for those of us who have lived through the extravagant
and seductive years fuelled by coal and oil and are now concerned
for the future of our children.
We
have a child-like faith that technology will rescue us; that just
around the corner there is a silver bullet that will provide us
with unlimited, clean and cheap power - nuclear fusion, hydrogen,
biofuels, conveniently ignoring the many negatives such as sweeping
the CO2 emissions from the continuing burning of coal under the
carpet of sequestration.
We
are grasping at tempting straws in our moment of uncertainty, when
a realistic look at the situation can only conclude that at this
point in history we should really be looking critically at our lifestyle
and its effects on housing design. This is something we can do now
to reduce the problem for our children and buy them the time for
technology to provide better answers.
We
need to recognise that our lifestyle has made Australians (per capita)
the greatest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world and that
about half of these emissions come by way of our houses and consumptive
lifestyle, largely from our consumption of electricity.
The housing industry and its products are, at the moment, only a
manifestation of society's cumulative lifestyle values, encouraged
by the competitive nature of the industry - and herein lies the
germ of a wonderful opportunity for the housing industry which doesn't
seem to realise that it has a very profitable future in sustainable
housing - the market is demanding it, the science and technology
is now well developed and the global need is being overwhelmingly
demonstrated by recent climatic events.
The
government regulators, however, need to catch up with society and,
where necessary, bend with the wind with controlled experimentation
and encouragement. Mistakes will no doubt be made, but we are all
on a very steep learning curve and tolerance is called for if we
are to survive.
There
are many new ideas coming forward - enabling us to live healthier
lives with less fossil fuel energy; ways of reducing our water consumption;
reducing / re-using our wastes and the housing industry has a pivotal
role to play in achieving this better future.
The
lending institutions are key players in this evolution back to sanity.
Some have already recognised the way the wind is blowing toward
sustainability, but more imaginative products are needed to educate
and encourage house buyers to invest in the future.
The
real estate industry also needs to recognise its role in this era
of change. Its current emphasis on the promotion of glitzy, hedonistic
'features' should put more emphasis on the needs of society by a
joint change of direction toward sustainable aspects.
The
underlying answer, however, is that we all need a change of mindset
- we need to realise that our current lifestyle cannot continue
on such a finite planet. It is the right thing to do to rein in
the horses and change direction.
Derek Wrigley, OAM is a retired
Canberra architect who self-published his book "Making Your
Home Sustainable" last year. His retrofitted house was open
on Solar House Day, attracting 233 visitors.
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